dgisocioЦифровая социология/Digital SociologyDigital Sociology2658-347X2713-1653Государственный университет управления10.26425/2658-347X-2022-5-4-15-22dgisocio-201Research ArticleЦИФРОВАЯ СОЦИОЛОГИЯ: НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙDIGITAL SOCIOLOGY: RESEARCH AREASПсихологические потребности и мотивация удаленных работников: социологический аспектPsychological needs and motivation of remote workers: sociological viewpointhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9828-4501ПронинВ. Ю.ProninV. Yu.

Пронин Владимир Юрьевич, индивидуальный предприниматель

г. Москва

Vladimir Yu. Pronin, Individual Entrepreneur

Moscow

proninvlr@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6070-4067КривопусковВ. В.KrivopuskovV. V.

Кривопусков Виктор Владимирович, д-р социол. наук, канд. филос. наук, проф.

г. Москва

Viktor V. Krivopuskov, Dr. Sci. (Sociol.), Cand. Sci. (Philos.), Prof.

Moscow

vv_krivopuskov@guu.ruГосударственный университет управленияРоссияState University of ManagementRussian Federation202231012023541522Copyright © Пронин В.Ю., Кривопусков В.В., 20232023Пронин В.Ю., Кривопусков В.В.Pronin V.Y., Krivopuskov V.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://digitalsociology.guu.ru/jour/article/view/201

В статье приводятся результаты социологического исследования, направленного на выявление особенностей мотивации удаленных работников на основе положений теории самодетерминации. Представляя собой принципиально иную форму организации труда, удаленная работа образует новые условия, в которых решаются многие управленческие проблемы, в том числе проблема мотивации. Онлайн-опрос, проведенный среди российских удаленных работников (N = 402), позволил измерить удовлетворенность трех базовых психологических потребностей (в автономии, компетентности и социальной связности) и шести типов мотивации, образующих континуум от амотивации до внутренней мотивации. Согласно полученным результатам, более полное удовлетворение психологических потребностей создает условия для развития внутренней мотивации удаленных работников, что соответствует положениям теории самодетерминации. Также было обнаружено, что наиболее развитые формы мотивации, а именно идентифицированная регуляция и внутренняя мотивация, по сравнению с другими типами выражены в большей степени. Это может объяснять преимущественно высокую в сравнении с традиционными формами организации труда оценку работниками своего опыта удаленной работы, отмечаемую во многих исследованиях. Статья подтверждает применимость и ценность теории самодетерминации для объяснения особенностей удаленной работы и проектирования оптимальных моделей труда с использованием дистанционного режима.

The article presents the findings of a sociological study, which uses Self-Determination Theory to describe and explain the motivation of remote workers. Representing a fundamentally different form of labor organization, remote work forms new conditions in which many management problems are solved, including motivation. An online survey conducted among Russian remote workers (N = 402) measured the satisfaction of three basic psychological needs (for autonomy, competence and relatedness) and six types of motivation, forming a continuum from amotivation to intrinsic motivation. According to the results, satisfaction of psychological needs creates conditions for the development of intrinsic motivation of remote workers, thus supporting Self-Determination Theory. The study also reveals that identified regulation and intrinsic motivation are more pronounced than other types of motivation. This may explain why in many studies remote workers are very positive regarding their remote work experience, in comparison with traditional forms of labor organization. The study thus confirms the applicability and value of Self-Determination Theory for explaining the features of remote work and designing optimal work organization models based on it.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.